By: Boudewijn van Blokland, Associate Director, Product Manager Die Bond
Flip chips are often more suitable by design than wire-bonded chips for high-performance electronic circuits. Short, thick copper pillars replace long, thin and relatively fragile wire bonds. That gives a step-change improvement in high-frequency performance, power dissipation, heat transfer, ratio of die-to-package area, and reliability.
Despite the benefits for low pin-count packages, flip chips have seen only limited use because flip-chip device assembly has been difficult and relatively expensive. Current Flip Chip assembly flow is to pick from wafer, flip, flux, dip and then place. That demands delicate and precise handling, so device assembly has in practice been limited to a slow 12,000 devices/hour. For smaller dies, speed is even slower because dipping the die in flux and pulling it out can only be done at a relatively slow speed. High volume manufacturers requiring over a million devices a day would need multiple machines working full time, which would need a massive investment.
At 60,000 devices/hour and 24/7 operation, ITEC’s ADAT3 XF TwinRevolve flip-chip die bonder can assemble over eight million devices a week. That replaces five conventional machines, making it a game changer for flip-chip assembly. It needs only a fifth of the factory floor space, with corresponding savings on maintenance, operator hours, spare parts, tool shipment and energy costs. Which means a much smaller carbon footprint, and a fraction of the Total Cost of Ownership (TCOO).
Rather than using the stop-start motion of conventional linear placement heads, our design uses twin synchronized rotating heads (“TwinRevolve”). Each cycle picks, flips and places chips at >16 chips a second with a controlled smooth motion to reach the 60,000/hour. The circular motion means less inertia and vibration, allowing a similar accuracy (better than 12 μm @ 3σ) as previous machines but at much higher speeds.
Assembling devices with up to around 100 pins, the machines allow IDMs (Integrated Device Manufacturers) and OSATs (Outsourced Semiconductor Assembly and Test) to extend their flip- chip capacity and even upgrade their high-volume wire-bonded products to a new generation.